Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Blog - Essay Example Generally speaking BBC has the responsibility of telecasting news in a genuine manner with accurate news content. It also has the responsibility to enhance creativity and promote skill of future generation in media profession. There are also difference between quality and popular newspaper where the former projects international and national news but will have politically biased content while popular papers are consumed by readers who are minorly educated. Language and layout of quality paper is precise whereas popular paper gives news in fancy layout and less authentic language. It could be said that the quality of journalism has increased due to the arrival of social media. The diversity of news broadcasting also has increased with the incoming of social media. Moreover users can research their news related and also can broadcast through blogs and updates in social networking sites. However it is sad that in my home country government does censor the press and regulate news which is

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Poetry - Essay Example The last line is broken down â€Å"so-long-lives-this-and-this-gives-life-to-thee.† So quatrain or couplet within â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† has 10 syllables. This qualifies the poem as a sonnet. The rhyme structure of this poem is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g. An example is the first quatrain has the rhymes â€Å"day† and â€Å"May† in the first and third lines. The second and fourth lines rhyme with â€Å"temperate† and â€Å"date†. The second quatrain rhymes â€Å"shines† and â€Å"declines† in the fifth and seventh line. The sixth and eighth line rhymes â€Å"dimmed† and â€Å"untrimmed†. The ninth and eleventh line rhymes with â€Å"fade† and â€Å"shade†. The tenth and twelfth line rhyme with â€Å"ow’st† and â€Å"grow’st†. The final two lines rhyme with â€Å"see† and â€Å"thee†. This rhyming pattern is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g patterning. Finally, Shakespeare’s â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Day† has the topic of beauty and love. Although it is not a requirement to have a love sonnet, Shakespeare use the technique. â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† is in the style of a Petrarchan Sonnet. The Petrarchan Sonnet is the Italian formed. The English, especially Shakespeare, used this typical technique subject of love. The Petrarchan Sonnet usually spoke of love, beauty, or love not requited. â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† also contains a volta. A volta is a shift in topic in the third quatrain. In the beginning Shakespeare is declaring undying love and comparison to life. However, in the third quatrain the subject leads to death and fading. For

Health Strategy in New Zealand: External Environment Factors

Health Strategy in New Zealand: External Environment Factors INTRODUCTION Health Strategy for New Zealand expresses the need to reduce health inequalities. Health consultants believe that coordinated action to reduce inequalities in health is needed. New Zealand Health Strategy provides a framework for health care, to improve the overall health of New Zealand, and the differences between the New Zealanders with a focus on Maori, Pacific peoples and compensate low-income New Zealanders. The proper functioning of the health strategy for New Zealand takes an approach to population health. This approach takes into account all factors that provides stimulus and how they are resolved to improve health care. There is a diverse combination of factors like age, sex and congenital factors contribute significantly to our health which are relatively unaffected. Recent advances in medical technology can do some genetic changes, but these advances relate to only a small part of the population. But there are other factors that disrupt our health and independence as we po ssibly loose more control. Its effect on our health can be affected by the change of social behavior, individual lifestyle factors. For example, if we smoke, exercise, how much alcohol we drink and social influences of society. Inequalities like theses in health are important public health problems. (Jefin) Public health care in community: As an operations management team in new age public hospital in central Auckland There is an increases in the cases influenza attended in new age public hospital in central Auckland. In my point of view there is an equal right for getting the health services from the hospitals to community areas. They have the right to receive all the health services from the health care professionals. Everyone should one get the treatment of qualitative care. All the preventive measures should be educated in the community areas. Health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment should give by all health professionals. Our hospital aspires to provide all the health services to community area people. Strongly health education is given to communities. Emergency services is to be provide in the remote areas. Efficient staff is to be increased .health promotion activities should be implemented. Health preventive measures should be guided to the public. Promotional activ ities will be planned and it will be implemented effectively. Some health planning programs should be implemented accurately. Generally health determinants are occurred. Many factors occur together to affect the health of the individuals or communities whether people are healthy or not and it is determined by factors. There is a less impact on health care services. Determinants of health include includes mainly are the social and economic environment, physical environment, and the persons individual characteristics and behaviors. Mainly these things determines the people’s health. Environmental determinants which affects the health are safe water and clean air, healthy work places, safe house, communities and roads contribute the good health conditions to the people. When there is an inequalities arisen in all these factors contribute the ill effects on the people’s health. In community areas safety should be educated and implemented. In work places healthy environment should be placed otherwise there is a chance to get the inequalities of health. Health education and providing health services to the community peoples reduces the inequalities and shows the lessen effects on health. Efficient health services prevents and treat the diseases influences the health. Education plays a key role in the health. Due low education levels are effect the health. This the importance about the environmental inequalities of health. (Sirisha) Part-two Five external general environmental factors affecting the organization directly are as follow : The external environment factors are those which affect the organization ability to function from outside. Customers If the hospital is providing good, satisfactory services, treatment then there will be increase in number of the customers but if we are providing expensive treatment for them ultimately the number will decrease. Government If the government is imposing high taxes on medicines, services, packaging, shipment of medicines, product development ultimately there will be increase in cost of the treatment which leads to decrease in the number of patients. Economy Likewise with most of the components of your doctors facilitys outer surroundings, your clinic must be proficient at observing the economy and figuring out how to respond to it, instead of attempting to control it. Financial variables influence how you give administrations, medications and the amount of cash you force on specific treatment, offices, and the sort of target you will pursue. Competition Your rival has a critical impact on how you work together and how you address your target market. You can decide to discover markets that the opposition is not dynamic in, or you can choose to tackle the opposition straightforwardly in the same target market. The achievement and disappointment of your different rivals likewise decides a part of your showcasing arranging, too. For instance, if a long-term rival in a specific market all of a sudden chooses to drop out because of monetary misfortunes, then you will need to modify your wanting to exploit the circumstance. Public Opinion Any sort of company outrage can be hurtful to your associations picture. People in general familiarity with your association can hurt deals its contrary, or it can help deals with constructive firm news. Your firm can impact popular assessment by utilizing advertising experts to discharge vital data, yet it is additionally critical to screen general feeling to attempt and defuse potential issues before they start to spread. (SURAJ) Organizational culture Culture of an organization will tell the personality of that organization and it is the key factor in productivity and workplace performance. All organization follows a corporate culture. The members who all are working in the organization are the main components in organizational culture and they are formulating a healthy culture for their organization .organizational culture includes its expectations, experiences, philosophy and values that they keeping from a long time. All organization follows a corporate culture but it vary from one organization to other. For example, the culture of a large profit organization is totally different than that of a hospital .Our hospital culture is totally depend on patient. Understanding security has turned into a real need to policymakers, medicinal services suppliers and administrators. Affecting a solid patient security society is crucial for advancing this idea among human services experts and managing this idea in health awareness associations. Making patient wellbeing culture a top need is dependent on having a solid and positive patient security society. A few segments of a solid patient wellbeing society incorporate open correspondence, collaboration, and recognized shared reliance. Surveying a health awareness associations patient wellbeing society is the first venture for adding to a solid and strong security society. Mirroring that, numerous worldwide accreditation associations now oblige tolerant security society evaluations to assess the view of health awareness staff on issues, for example, cooperation, moves made by administration and initiative to bolster and advance patient wellbeing, staffing issues, recurrence of episode reporting, an d other patient security society issues. Such appraisals permit human services associations to get an unmistakable perspective of territories obliging consideration regarding reinforce their patient wellbeing culture and distinguish particular difficulties identifying with patient security inside healing facility units. An enormous piece of the answer is society. You can hand guardians an agenda or strengthen the significance of hand-washing, yet unless the work environment is willing to grasp the progressions needed to viably and reliably utilize it, the exertion will probably fizzle. It is the point at which you begin taking a gander at patient wellbeing through the viewpoint of society that you acknowledge how genuinely difficult this work is. We at the Center for Innovation comprehend and have perceived how working environment demeanor encompassing wellbeing can have a significant effect on results of consideration. Security related demeanor, when measured with a legitimate, dependable device, can foresee such clinical results as clinic gained contaminations and bedsores, and additionally operational results including attendant turnover. Society doesnt change overnight, yet it does react to viable intercessions, and we at the Center for Innovation are talented at utilizing instruments both to gauge society and to enhance it. Other culture that fit in our organization Quality care Mostly the hospital are known by the care given by them to the clients. The clients are believing in the management of hospital and they are depending the hospital to cure their disease. It is the responsibility of hospital and staff that assure quality of care to the clients who depend on them. When a hospital provide better care for the patients , the patients are getting cured and there is a chance to get preference for the hospital through that the hospital can increase their economy. Patient satisfaction Hospital leaders increasingly recognize the connection between their cultures and patient satisfaction, some medical specialists and nurses have to make a strong emotional involvement with patients and better treatment and care will create satisfaction on patients and they put some belief on them. So the health professionals should be in the path of patient centric. (Jefin) External environment Factors are as follow: Rise of sophisticated consumers: the clients and suppliers utilize bargaining position for organization’s price, quality and efficiency. Nowadays patient can get information easily from internet. Accrediting bodies: like Phil health, HMO’s and International Accreditation like Joint Commission International play a big role in public accountability which ultimately increases competition in health care delivery. Challenging evolution in healthcare delivery: change in the boundaries like surgeries done in outpatient settings, homecare, health and internet, satellite clinics and laboratories in the mall. Technological Changes: IT and Molecular biology are utilized to improve the laboratory diagnosis and reduce the cost of treatment. Research and Development: New tools and knowledge are generated which are helpful for healthcare consumers. Government policy changes and regulatory influences External Communications: The way the hospital staff member or doctors behave with the patients, treatment, services affect directly. If the services, treatment is good more customer will be there which increase the profit. Infrastructure: If the hospital is at good location with good services there will be more interaction with the peoples and will have good profits. (SURAJ) POWER Power makes the world better .Power plays a vital role in the organization to get a better outcome .It develops our career and future .Normally power depending on the person and how the power is used by him ., Power has some pros and corns while in the using..Of course if we have more power we need to handle carefully. Everyone has a power. It will help us to make a right decision and solve the problem which is normally we are facing in the day to day life.. The five types of social power are following. LEGITIMATE POWER. This is the positional power and that is given to a person based up on their position in the organization. It is given by the authority of the organization We can not afford this power simply ,by getting this power we need to increase our personal power like referent and expert power .Legitimate power is the formal authority to control and use the resources available in the organization. COERCIVE POWER In this power the employees will obey the leader in order to avoid punishments., because they believe that they are under controlled by the leader. EXPERT POWER Expert power is influences getting from as a result of expertise. Or any special skill , or knowledge from a person .For example ,when we have the more complicated work ,we normally dependent on experts to finish our goals, as a result of their special knowledge or a skill on particular task. REWARD POWER In reward power the employees will comply the leader, because it produces positive benefits for them and this power encourage the employees to meet their work goals. REFERENT POWER In this power the employees will act accordance with leader because the employees admires or agree the with the leader who has desirable resources or personal skills .For example, if the employee respect the leader ,and like him all the way. So the leader can exercise power over the employee ,because the employee need to please him. I would like to select the legitimate power from the five source of power available in the organization why because of, the professionalism . in that the employees know who is the leader in my hospital and I can tell employees as a leader how they can reach the goals .Also I have the authority to control employees and the power to use the organizational tools based on my position in the hospital. With my legitimate power, I can make a two main principal strategies to control the outbreak of influenza, such as therapeutic counter measures and public health interventions .In hospital according to the availability of the stock I can ordered to the staff to give some vaccines and antiviral medications to the patients who is suffering from influenza and look after their health by providing some preventive measures to protect them from the infection. And another strategies for the public is infection control , and some social separation to prevent the spreading of the infection and also offer some anti-viral treatments for who is suffering with infections. As a leader should identify essential functions and assign responsibilities for the staff and re assign staff to support the urgent functions as needed during the time of epidemic .Ensure the list of expert staff to perform critical functions is regularly updated before the epidemic outbreak. THE GOOD AND BAD POLITICAL ASPECTS IN AN ORGANIZATION. There are many definitions for the organizational politics butIthinkit is all about organizational power; how we can get it and; how we use it to influence the employees while implementing our own agenda. There are some good and bad political aspects affecting our organization. The positive side of the organizational politics such as organizational flexibility, promotion of multiple perspectives, meritocracy, change of the facilities and implementation of the decision. While in use of politics we can improve the speed of influence and flexibility of our organization. Politics can help to sort out the issues in the organization. Politics can be used for improving the changes that is blocked by the normal influences and also it will help to implement the new decision. Whereas the negative political aspects affecting our organization are Inequality, discrimination and unfairness, distorted decision making, ignore interest of stake holders, inefficiency and time wasting and unequal power distribution. Political activity in our organization tends to form a groups and out groups and there is a chance to ignore the interest of the minor group. Due to political influences the decision strateg y can be lessened. Some individuals or groups can play or show their maximum power in the organization due to politics while others stake holder’s power are ignored. Power corrupts once tasted there is a chance to repeat. The use of political behavior create a taste of power and some times which can lead to a one direction. Bad politics is always spend more time in extensive lobbying and making a relationships which is not necessary for the organization. References: Promoting public health and wellbeing in your community, (2010).retrieved from www.pha.org.nz//How-to-promote-public-health-in-your-community. https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/reducineqal.pdf George N. Root III, Demand Media. Five Components of an Organizations External Environment. Retrieved on April 2, 2015, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-components-organizations-external-environment-17634.html Linda Ray, Demand Media. Seven External Factors of Business. Retrieved on April 2, 2015, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/seven-external-factors-business-21960.html Jennifer Malabrigo. Strategic Management Paper Hospital industry analysis. Retrieved on April 2, 2015, from http://www.slideshare.net/ironswordlady/hospital-industry-analysis-by-jenny-malabrigo UNHCR The UN Refugee Agency.(2011). Epidemic Preparedness and Response in Refugee Camp Settings :Guidance for Public Health Officers. Retrieved on March 28,2015, from http://www.unhcr.org/4f707f509.pdf McAlpin,K,Maurik,J.V., (2012) .Organizational Politics. Retrieved on March 28,2015, from http://www.performancecoachinginternational.com/resources/articles/organisationalpolitics.php WasielewskI , J .(2014, November 12). The 5 sources of power in an organization. . Retrieved on March 28,2015, from http://blog.clickmeeting.com/5-sources-power-organization Merchant, P.(2005). 5 Sources of power in an organization. Retried on March 27,2015, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-sources-power-organizations-14467.html

Media Essay - Advertisements for Body Enhancement Supplements

Advertisements for Body Enhancement Supplements There is evidence that shows that at least one scientist reported 100 years ago that testosterone is the cause of masculine features in males. But 100 years ago this was yet to be proven. That is approximately how long the idea of a product which aids in the enhancement of mass and strength for people was around. However, when the actual development of the product came around, the advertisements designed to aid in the sales and production of the product left a lot to be desired compared to what is available. Today, that is only to be expected due to the fact that we live in a more advanced civilization. Over time, the physical description of what was depicted to be the ideal muscular physique has changed as eras passed. The reasoning for this change in muscle physique dates back to the development of the product which technically started it all, Steroids. The actual development of anabolic steroids took place during the 1930's which was during the decline of the United States industrial society courtesy of the Great Depression. Researchers developing steroids used dogs to test out their theories. Through their test, they discovered that the usage of anabolic steroids increased muscle mass in the dogs, causing a leaner, more muscular looking physique. In the 40's, the anabolic steroids were given to POW's and those that were suffering from malnutrition. In the 50's, anabolic steroids were given a new purpose that was strictly for strength gains. Athletes in Europe and Russia were using steroids just for that purpose. Ster... ...that deemed steroids to be lethal took place in the late 1970's and early 1980s during Olympic games. In the "Golden Era", the side effects were unaware of and steroids seemed to be safe so no restraints were brought upon for its usage and distribution. Even with the knowledge of possessing side effects, there is a select few of who still purchase and use Steroids over the black market. In most cases, the method which fascinated those back then for instant muscle is still use today, but on different products. "Hard Bodies", "Ripped Pecs", "Six- Packs", are all part of the "Total Package" method use for people to buy body and muscle enhancing products. Works Cited Associate Press "Mind & Muscle POWER" General Media Communications Inc September 1999 Phillips "The Steroid World" www.http://www.steroidworld.com/ (C) 1999-2000

Plato Book V Is Plato a Feminist

In book V of Plato’s republican Plato is very clearly a feminist although he does not hold women completely equal to men. In fact Plato states that the majority of women are inferior to all men, but not all women were inferior. Plato was indeed a feminist, but his feminist views were as a result of decisions made for what he thought was in best interest of the good city. A feminist is a described as an advocate for women’s rights and legal protection. Within book V of the Republic, Plato advocates equality in different features of life within the good city for women. The equal education of man and woman is one feature of the good city which Plato desired to put in action. Plato felt this was necessary not based on feminist views, but due to the fact that women were potential guardians of the good city so they should have equal education as the male guardians. Due to the fact that Plato calls for equal education of the two sexes clearly classifies him as a feminist. Plato states in the Republic that the majority of women are inferior to men, he later states that some women may be capable of being equal to or even superior to some men. With this fact being, Plato feels that women must also be given an equal opportunity to govern the state due to their potential superiority over men. Therefore/ Plato called for equal education of men and women in the good city (Is Plato a Feminist? ). Another topic discussed in Book V of the Republic was the Nature of a human’s soul. Plato felt that just because women had inferior physical features then men did not mean that women should be ruled disregarded from their nature. In other words, if a man and woman both had guardian nature, the woman should not be neglected due to her gender. Plato’s feminist views are greatly expressed when he explains that women could be well-suited to govern the good state. In the best interest of the good city Plato felt that potential guardians or politicians of the good city should not be limited based upon their gender due to his belief that all humans have a certain nature within them regardless of their sex (Is Plato a Feminist? ). Once again this feminist belief portrayed by Plato was not accredited to his passion for women’s equality, but is represented by his opinion in preserving the good city. Plato would not be considered the ideal feminist; his decisions in giving the women of the good city equality were not made in the best interest of the women. Plato feminist decisions were made as a result of what he thought would be in best interest of the good city. Throughout the Republic Book V Plato expresses his views and opinions on different issues relating to the good city. Although Plato states that does not hold women equal to men in mainly all aspects measurable he is still undoubtedly a feminist. The main aspect of Plato’s feminism is that he gave women rights for what he thought was in the best interest of the good city, not the women. Even though Plato would not be considered the ideal feminist he is evidently a feminist nonetheless. Plato would not be what many consider to be an ideal feminist. But, when answering the question if Plato is a feminist or not, he and decisions he made regarding the good city are undeniably feminist. Plato’s views of feminism are not a direct result of concern of women’s rights, but are directly related to Plato’s idea of the ultimate good city.

Immigration Paper

From the air we breathe to the food we eat, we as people are all the same. Whether it may be light skin or dark skin, characteristics in which make us different on the outside differ, not because we want it to, but because of our ancestral history. History shows us that because of a person's location, adaptation to that location occurs.For instance, history shows us that people of darker skin are found in countries closer to the equator because more pigment is needed in a persons genetic makeup In order to withdraw themselves from the various diseases and effects that may be obtained from standing in the sun for an extended period of time. There are several causes and disparities of external traits or appearances that divide us Into several groupings or categories which are called â€Å"races. † In other words, races categorize people through socially significant hereditary traits.With the has been defined differently all throughout history. These indistinct interpretations ef fect the way one approaches the topic. Racism can broadly be defined as a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement; usually involving the idea that one's own race is superior and has the right to rule others. Racism and discrimination being the acts of ones prejudicial thoughts can lead us to believe that discrimination based on someone's ethnicity occurs everywhere.From the houses or apartments we live in to the shoes we wear anything and everything is a reflection of ethnic discrimination. For example, in America we have a capitalistic economy. In a capitalistic economy entrepreneurs profit off of work done by others who are hired to do the Jobs that business owners do not want to do. Statistics show that Jobs such as farming, cleaning, plumbing, etc. Are done by minorities while the superior race who is usually a white male gains a vast majority of profit due to many hours worked and low pay. Racism, a n ideology that is taught not born with, is present throughout the labor force.Ethnic discrimination is used to maintain balance throughout the division of labor. As stated previously in a capitalistic economy every Job requires someone of a Geiger position. No matter what Job title a person may have there is always someone of higher power. With that said, the workers who usually do the low end Jobs are usually Latino and African-Americans who are a minority race in America the land we call a democratic territory, though many beg to differ. Everywhere we look serves as a primary example to ethnic discrimination.This can be illustrated when stepping foot into a McDonald's seeing almost every worker of colored skin working six to twelve hours, still having trouble having a place to sleep, and knowing that the rooters Richard and Maurice McDonald are multi billionaires off of the work done by mostly minorities. Ethnicity: I am Spanish. I am White. I am Black. I am of Korean decent. I a m British. I don't have race or culture. Comments such as these are every day examples of how many people view their race and identity. Even though many people are unsure of what it truly means to have culture we make claims about it on a daily basis.Some feel they have a race while others simply feel they do not. We include based on who fits into this ideal and exclude those who do not. The fact of the matter is that culture is employ, learned through every day experience, conflicting and contradictory, relational because it is learned through interactions with others, and per formative, as our interactions are performances with public domain, is something that people never seem to think about, until we are put in a situation, in which we then become aware that we are different.Our knowledge of culture, ethnicity and identity is subconsciously internalized on a daily basis through constant social interactions. Although the concepts of race and ethnicity are socially constructed, th ey are real in their consequences. Their affects on the social world can be seen from my very own how Vive come to view my own sense of identity. As an adoptive child of white decent in a Hispanic family which lived in a predominately African American neighborhood I noticed many things as a child that allowed me to constantly become aware that I was different.Through interactions with peers in my elementary school, I noticed my hair was different; my color was a lot lighter than most, and that I was overall different. â€Å"Look who has nice shiny hair† were comments that lingered through my Junior high school days, where I struggled o fit in by shaving my head and dressing a certain way. Although I longed to feel a part of a certain group I kept sane by hanging with people of similar background. We were all ethnically similar in the sense that we all derived from Hispanic households. Based on this exclusion, ethnic symbols such as Spanish music and dancing were what set us a part and defined us.Not only was this alienation felt among my peers and myself, but it was also felt inside the classroom. Growing up I never quite felt that I could speak up in class and show my outgoing personality at such a young age n fear that people would make fun of me. I knew I was different and did not want to cause them to focus their attention on that difference. For projects in school, I would always take the role that required speaking the least, so that I wouldn't have to speak in front of them. I got along with everybody, but was not truly myself until I set foot inside my home, my private domain.At home I could eat all the rice and beans I wanted to without the fear of abandonment. Moving on to high school it was as if there was a shift from being ashamed of my race and culture to embracing it and wanting to showcase it. It was overnight, and I don't think that there was ever a time where I Just changed overnight, but it was definitely a process of starting to becom e comfortable in my own skin and being surrounded in an ethnic school with different cultures, and not Just whites, that allowed me to really embrace my racial difference. High school whether subconscious or not, racial sub-cultures emerge.In high school, cliques are formed on that very aspect of ethnicity and culture. People hang out with people that look like them, that dress likes them, and who they feel they can relate to. It was high school where I truly Egan to have a sense of my Hispanic culture. I ate all the rice and beans, danced to salsa and meringue, and sang along to Marc Anthony and Victor Manuel. It was only there that my true outgoing and friendly personal came out. I became more a more active participant in the school. For instance, becoming part of committees such as film club, debate club, and music club. Also big part of the swim team.Although I associated with all races, I took pride in hanging with my friends in my ethnic group. Only there we could talk about t he latest of our countries. The newfound confidence in my culture had a lot to do with media presentations. Despite the embedded racism towards Hispanics and African Americans on television, when growing up Hispanic artists had become increasingly popular, and so had urban culture. Spanish music had been brought back to light, and it had taken my fear of being different with it. Not only did I listen to it, I made it apart of me and welcomed it with open arms.When I watched television though I look nothing like the Hispanic people on television I knew I was apart of them because of the family I had been growing up in. I related to the culture. The culture have respect for it. Not only did media representations of black culture help me to understand my identity, it also helped redefine it. What I through it meant to belong to my Hispanic culture had begun to change. â€Å"Why can't you dance to Meringue? â€Å", â€Å"Can't talk Spanish? † , were common questions that were m ade to me as I moved up in my high school years.I began to feel stigmatize by my own Hispanic people. No I had to work twice as hard because I didn't fit in with the whites, and I didn't fully fit in with the Hispanics. For whites, I was to loud, liked too much Spanish music and had a style that was too â€Å"ghetto'. So again, I began to have doubts as to where I fit in. My university years were where I surrounded myself with other adoptive students who were able to relate, and find a true sense of identity. It is now since I am older and in university do I understand the power the media had in reinforcing stereotypes and maintaining social inequalities.It is this aspect do I continue to four struggles with today. As I am plagued with images of Hispanic women pregnant, speaking in slang, fighting, and in music videos half naked. Only within the last few years have I come to understand why I was struggling with fitting in. It is because the media portrays how they perceive the majo rity of Hispanic women. We get caught up in their misconceptions, and Just buy into what we think we are destined to become. The media leaves out the successful Hispanics who have struggled to make their life one worth living.Immigration: In 21st century America, illegal immigration is an issue at the forefront of many a debate. While people have always unlawfully crept across borders, recent history has seen no such wave of this crime as has been on display in the USA over the last few decades. Stemming from Central and South America, primarily Mexico, the flow of â€Å"border mummers† has increased substantially, and continues to do so, despite the efforts of border patrols and organizations such as Americans for Legal Immigration, Americans for Immigration Control, and the Minutemen Civil Defense Corps.According to the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) estimates of the illegal immigration population, between 1990 and 2000 the amount of illegal immigrants to the US rose at an average of 350,200 people every year, doubling the nation's entire illegal population. ‘ The amount of illegal immigrants has become so vast that since the mid-sass the umber of people entering the US illegally has surpassed that of their legal counterpart. Ii In 2000, INS estimates had the number of illegal immigrants from Mexico alone at 4,808,000, more than 60% of total Mexican immigrants. Ii By amount of illegal immigrants, the next 9 source countries combined provide less than a quarter of the people Mexico does. One of the most significant impacts of illegal immigration in the US has been crime. According to a Government Accountability Office (GAO) report on incarcerated arrested a total of 459,614 times, averaging about 8 arrests per illegal alien. They were arrested for a total of about 700,000 criminal offenses, averaging about 13 offenses per illegal alien. 49% had previously been convicted of a felony, 20% of a drug offense; 18% a violent offense, and 11%, other felony offenses. 1% of the arrests occurred after 1990 56% of those charged with a reentry offense had previously been convicted on at least 5 prior occasions. Defendants charged with unlawful reentry had the most extensive criminal histories. 90% had been previously arrested. Of those with a prior arrest, 50% had been arrested for violent or drug-related felonies. Iv Note the â€Å"reentry offense† in the last two statistics. There are criminals who had already been convicted of crimes and deported on previous occasions, only to return illegally and continue a life of crime.According to the US Justice Department, over the course of 2003 an estimated 270,000 illegal immigrants served Jail time throughout the country. Of those, 108,000 were in California, the state that suffers the most from crime on the part of illegal immigrants. According to an Urban Institute study, 17% of America's prison population at a federal level consists of illegal aliens, an astounding f igure, engendering they only make up 3% of the US population. Former California Gob. Pete Wilson places the percentage of illegal aliens in U. S. Prisons even higher, at 20%.The incessant illegal immigrant crime wave shows no signs of slowing down, and the US government is not taking serious enough prevention measures. According to the Federation for American Immigration Reform, citing US Justice Department statistics, â€Å"In March 2000, Congress made public Department of Justice statistics showing that, over the previous five years, the INS had released over 35,000 criminal aliens instead of deporting them. Over 11,000 of those released went on to commit serious crimes, over 1,800 of which were violent ones [including 98 homicides, 142 sexual assaults, and 44 kidnappings]. While many deported aliens reenter the country, it is a daunting enough task to prevent some from doing so a second time, and undoubtedly is a more effective measure in prevention than simply releasing them on to the streets, where crime in their demographic is prevalent. Part of the reason for such an enormous amount of crimes carried out by illegal aliens is the ease with which they can obtain assistance and backing from gangs, cost notable Mar Cultural, otherwise known as MS-13.Created in the sass by a group of Salvadoran peasants trained in guerilla warfare, MS-13 has become possibly Central America's greatest problem, and a growing one in the United States. Since â€Å"precise† statistics are impossible to obtain, the true strength of MS-ass's presence in America is unknown, but estimates claim over 15,000 members in over 115 cliques in 33 states, and these numbers are ever growing. Unlike Mafias of the past, where there was at least some code of conduct, MS-13 has become infamous for their depravity and brutality, not limiting themselves in any way.As noted in press releases by the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency, in 2003 multiple members of MS-13 were deported for the sexual assault of 2 minors, aged 16 and 17, displayed this brutality with the killing of children. V Physical harm caused by illegal aliens does not only come in the form of outright crime. Of 71 fatal car accidents on the Eastern Shore since 2002, thirteen were caused by illegal aliens, all but three of which had no insurance. In most cases, the vehicles had no inspection stickers, the drivers carried no license and alcohol was a factor.To anyone with common sense this comes as no surprise, seeing as one who displays contempt for the law by illegally entering the country, will probably show the same lack of respect toward any other laws, such as those put in place to keep US drivers safe. As well, there is the factor of diseases that are not endemic to the United States being spread by illegal aliens, who cross the border unscreened. Diseases either no longer existent in America, or seen only rarely, have seen comebacks or growth, including Malaria, Dengue, Leprosy, Hepatit is A-E, Chaos Disease, Sadomasochists,Guiana Worm Infection, Whooping Cough, Streptococci, Morsel's, Tuberculosis and HIVE. Malaria has seen recent outbreaks in New Jersey, New York City, Houston, and California, although it was eradicated from the US in the sass. Dengue, a disease heretofore unknown in the US, has now been recognized in a few outbreaks. In the 40 years prior to 2002, only 900 cases of Leprosy had been recorded in the US. From 2002 to 2005, that number ballooned to 9,000, most of which were illegal aliens.In 2004, more than 650 people contracted Hepatitis A at a single Mexican restaurant in Pennsylvania, four of whom died. Chaos disease is endemic to Central and South America, and until recently was unknown in the United States; current estimates show up to 500,000 people infected with it, mostly illegal aliens. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease that kills approximately 2 million people around the world each year, and is spread in the same fashion as the c ommon cold.The United States has one of the lowest Tuberculosis rates in the world, whereas Mexico is 10 times higher. As if that wasn't bad enough, a few years ago a Multi-Drug-Resistant (MAD) strain of TAB has emerged, that is resistant to all tankard antibiotics, and treatment can cost between $250,000 and $1 per person. According to one expert, in 2005, of the 407 known cases of MAD-TAB in California, 84% were in â€Å"foreign born† patients, mostly from Mexico and the Philippines who had been in America less than 5 years.According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006 a newer strain was recognized, referred to as CDR-TAB (Extensive/Extreme Drug Resistant), which, as of late 2006, accounted for 4% of all US MAD-TAB cases, and is virtually incurable regardless of cost. While exact numbers for HIVE infected illegal aliens are impossible to obtain, due to he fact that researchers rarely ask one's citizenship status, what is known is that in California there are roug hly 2 HIVE infected Latin women for every infected Caucasian woman. The criminal ramification of so many illegal immigrants plays a role in the financial effect as well.Between 2001 and 2004, the Federal Bureau of Prisons' cost to incarcerate illegal aliens rose from about $950 million to about $1. 2 billion. As this is federal spending, it is money obtained through taxation, essentially leaving law- incarcerated illegal aliens deported, federal spending could drop more than $1 lions dollars a year, by all means a small move toward pulling the country out of debt, but a move nonetheless. The sheer mass of humanity pouring over the borders is something that cannot be withstood by America's financial means, and it's starting to show. In August 2009, the unemployment rate in America peaked at 9. %, more than double the 4. 6% of Just 2 years earlier, partly due to the fact that illegal immigrants have taken many Jobs once held by taxpaying American citizens. These illegal laborers have little trouble finding Jobs, especially those requiring little to no special skills, since they are willing o work for little, and their employment is under-the-table, saving employers money that would otherwise be spent on employee benefits and taxes. In the US, illegal immigrants currently make up 20% of cooks, 25% of construction laborers, 22% of maids/housekeepers, 25% of grounds maintenance workers, and 29% of agricultural workers.The combined total Jobs now unavailable to taxpaying Americans Just in these 5 professions exceeds 1. 72 million! Viii As if the direct financial ramifications of illegal immigrants taking Jobs from citizens weren't enough, taxpaying Americans are all but forced into financial benison by the second half of the coin. Due to millions of dollars in taxes not being paid due to illegal immigrants being paid off the books, taxes are hiked up to compensate for the drop in money being obtained by the government through taxation.So, while the illegal alien has a Job that pays him in cash, and no taxes to pay, the unemployed American citizen is now forced to pay higher tax rates without any income, which by definition can only lead to financial ruin, and subsequent reliance on the government for sustenance. A vast majority of those who advocate amnesty for illegal aliens are liberal Democrats, whose central political belief is that of a powerful government, and perhaps the fact the sudden influx of humanity would force more people into reliance on federal aid is precisely why.Amnesty for illegal aliens is, in concept, a beautiful, humanitarian idea. The argument usually flows along the lines of how poor, unskilled, uneducated workers from foreign countries only want to legally succeed, and support families, and become law abiding citizens who can better society. Statistics, however, quickly disprove this by displaying the truth behind the scourge of illegal immigrants. How their blatant, overall lack of respect for the nation's laws harms Americans financially and physically. How even after being arrested, or deported, they continue to break the law with little regard to possible consequences.As well, advocates for amnesty refuse to realize the practical impossibility of it. If amnesty to all illegal aliens was granted, the economy would not be able to provide nearly enough Jobs (as we are now seeing). Thanks to â€Å"anchor babies† (babies born in the US to illegal alien parents, so that the baby will be US citizen by birth, thus asking deportation of its parents all but impossible), millions of dollars are doled out by the government every year to illegal aliens to care for their US citizen children in the form of WICK, food stamps, and welfare.If the parents of these children were all suddenly legalized, welfare and food stamps would be handed out for them as well, raising government spending, and vicariously all taxpaying citizens would suffer by sustenance to families that would prefer to suckle at the t eat of the American government than to go out and work for a living. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people pour into America unlawfully. They upriver Americans of Jobs, receive government benefits that cost every taxpaying citizen, bring diseases, steal, assault, kill, drive recklessly, over-populate our prisons, and generally ignore the law.They come in such swarms that the entire American culture has been forced to bend to their will, with every large corporation and government agency now offering Spanish versions of all their services. They make life for American citizens financially difficult, and infuriate many with their brazen attitude toward learning English, with the belief that things must be available to them in Spanish. They make America a more dangerous place for all. Illegal immigration is a plague, and like all other plagues throughout history, it must be quashed quickly and decisively.Conclusion: All in all, we are all people. We all aspire to be something. Des pite the facts that show the negatives upon minorities, they are forced into situations in which they cannot control or have a hard time in doing so because of racism. Racism puts them in an environment in which violence is constantly around them. Without the absence of racism and the acceptance of people into a new world in which is made for all and not Just some, there will never be a world which can prosper.

My Hypothesis is that Boys in Year 10 are better at estimating lengths of straight lines than Boys in Year 7 Essay Example

My Hypothesis is that Boys in Year 10 are better at estimating lengths of straight lines than Boys in Year 7 Essay Example My Hypothesis is that Boys in Year 10 are better at estimating lengths of straight lines than Boys in Year 7 Essay My Hypothesis is that Boys in Year 10 are better at estimating lengths of straight lines than Boys in Year 7 Essay Essay Topic: Thesis My Hypothesis is that Boys in Year 10 are better at estimating lengths of straight lines than Boys in Year 7. The factors that influence the accuracy of estimation are children in Year 10 are more mature than children in Year 7. On average Children in Year 10 are more intelligent than children in Year 7. This probably would be because Year 10 students have studied subjects into further depth than children in Year 7. METHOD To verify this I will do a sample of the boys in our school. To do this I will find the total number of children in our school and sort it out according to Y10s and Year 7s. I will find out this information by going to the school office and finding out the figures. Out of this population, I will do a stratified sampling of 60 children. To do a stratified sampling of 60 children in the whole school, I will find the proportion of boys in Year 10 and Year 7. STRATIFIED SAMPLING In a stratified sample, the population is first divided into categories and the number of members in each category is determined. The sample is then made up of these categories in the same proportions as they are in the population. Random sampling chooses the required numbers in each category. In a random sample, every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. To obtain a sample of 60 students stratified according to Year 10 and Year 7; I will have to calculate the number of boys from Year 10 and Year 7, which must be represented in the sample. A Sample of Students Year Boys Boys 10 110 33 7 89 27 TOTAL 199 60 Altogether there are 1013 (one thousand and thirteen) students in our school. To work out the proportion of boys in Year 10 and Year 7, First of all I found out how boys were in Year 10 and Year 7. I added these together to get 199(one hundred and ninety-nine). Then I got the number of boys in each year and divided it by the total (199) and then multiplied it by 60(sixty). I rounded this answer to a whole number. This is because it would be an easier number to work with and you cannot round people to decimal places or significant figures. In my survey, I went to the school office and I got all of the boys names in Year 10 and Year 7 on two separate pieces of paper. By each name was a number. To find out which boys from Year 10, I had to ask to estimate the length of the straight line, I put all the boys names in Year 10 in a hat and picked the amount of boys needed to estimate the length. I did the same with the Year 7 boys. I already knew how many boys I needed to ask from each year because I had already done a stratified sample and worked out the numbers needed. Example 1: In Year 10 there are 110 boys. . Example 2: In Year 7 there are 89 boys . Now I have collected all the information, it is time to do my Survey. I will draw an accurately measured line and ask the proportion of boys in Year 10 and Year 7 to estimate the length of the line. I found out the proportion of the boys in Year 10 and Year 7 by doing a stratified sample. My next step is to do a pilot study. I will ask about five boys in Year 7 and Year 10 to ensure my coursework is done to a high-quality standard and my question does not seem to force an answer out of them. From the pilot study I will also be able to tell if my survey is grammatically correct. When I say this, I mean if the spelling, punctuation, and grammar are all correct. SPECIFICATIONS FOR MY SURVEY Paper with survey must be held approximately the same distance from each participant so that everyone sees the survey as well as each other. If the survey is held closer, it may give the student a better idea of the lines length. Weather conditions must be similar if it is cloudy, there is less light for the contestant to see the paper with and they are not given as good a view as if it were a sunny day. Survey must be done during school hours so that most of the subjects are in a similar frame of mind. No items of measurement should be nearby, so that the subject has nothing to compare the line/angle to. 60 people must take part in the survey All participants must be asked whether they are able to see the diagrams clearly. Exactly the same words must be used when explaining about the survey The participant must spend no more than two minutes (after pilot study The student may not communicate with anyone else who is able to view the paper or who has done the survey. PILOT STUDY I performed my pilot study and I found out that my survey was done to a good standard was understandable and got to the point. The boys I tested it on commented that it was set out well and did not need altering. One thing they all asked me was, Did I get it Right or How much was I off by. This made me think for a while and in the end I concluded that I should a Deviation and a Percentage Error column in my results table.

robert frost essays

robert frost essays There have been millions of writers and millions of books filed with short stories and poems and life experiences. But one the most recognized poets of his time and so on was Robert Frost. Most Americans are familiar with his name and may be a piece or two, but to the avid reader of poetry or novels Robert Frost is to be pinned as one of the greatest, if not the very greatest of American poets ever. Born in San Francisco, California, in 1874 Roberts parents were involved in journalism and politics and teaching. Robert attended high school in Lawrence, where his first poems where published in the school newspaper. He graduated co-valedictorian and soon after married the valedictorian. Robert tired a few colleges but never finished. He attended Dartmouth and Harvard both for short periods of time but with drew do to children. Growing up Robert work a wide variety of jobs Including mill hand, newspaper reporter, and teacher at his mothers school. His big break in 1894 when his poem My Butterfly was published in the New York Journal. His big break turned out to be 20 years of isolation and neglect. He endured many deaths in his life between 1899 1907. His wife, child, mother and grandfather all past in those few years. Perhaps no poem by Frost is more anthologized and studied and taken apart more than Stopping by the Wood on a Snowy Evening. Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening was written in just about that way, after I had been working all nigh long on New Hampshire. But I must admit, it was written in a few minutes without any strain (Robert Frost). There are four possible meanings to this poem. First, the driver contemplates the purity of life without sin (snow), but decides one must move on-spurred on by the horse-before living as sinless a life as if one were sleeping or dead. Or the interpretations can just the opposite: the reader contemplates a fallen nature represented b...

Chaucer’s Use of “Tender” in Troilus and Criseyde

Chaucer’s Use of â€Å"Tender† in Troilus and Criseyde Chaucer is known for his talent at pushing his readers to step outside their preconceived notions regarding genre, characters, and themes. In addition to this, Chaucer uses words with double meanings to create ambiguity and depth throughout his works. Troilus and Criseyde is no different in this respect. Throughout Troilus and Criseyde, Chaucer uses the word tendre several times, using its various meanings to make the reader question the intentions of the characters. According to the Middle English Dictionary, the adjective form of tendre has seven different meanings in medieval texts. Chaucer employs all but two of those meanings in Troilus and Criseyde. The meanings that Chaucer employs are as follows: Immature, young; unsophisticated, innocent, naÃÆ' ¯ve; also unblemished, spotless; Physically sensitive, esp. to pain; susceptible to injury, vulnerable;easily injured, fragile; Of a plant, part of a plant: fresh, new-grown; not hardy, delicate; Physically weak; debilitated, enfeebled, morally week, unable to resist temptation; also impressionable; Sorrowful, heartfelt; piteous, painful, touching; (b) easily moved; of the heart: compassionate, sympathetic (207-209). Chaucer uses the adjective form of tendre five times in Troilus and Criseyde, and employs its various meanings throughout the text. Pandarus is the first to use the word in Book II: his stream of thought during a discussion with Criseyde includes the word. He thinks, If I my tale endite/Aught harde, or make a proces any whyle,/ She shal no savour have therin but lite,/ And trowe I wolde hire in my wil bigyle;/For tender wittes wenen al be wyle/ Theras thei kan nought pleynly understonde; Forthi hire wit to serven wol I fonde (267-273). Here, it seems that Chaucer wants the reader to see the word tendre as meaning naÃÆ' ¯ve, since Pandaruss quote seems to indicate that she is too simple-minded to understand some things. However, this quote is one instance in the text where Chaucer relies on the multiple meanings of the word to create depth. It is important to remember that tender can also mean impressionable, as seen in the fourth definition (above). Because it is Pandarus, who co ntinually pressures Criseyde into action towards Troilus, who uses the word, it seems likely that Chaucer intends the term to be taken both ways. Additional ambiguity surrounding this particular use of the word is that tender in the sense of naivete also indicates youth and innocence (as seen in the first definition listed above). Chaucer wants the reader to consider Criseyde in relation to both of these terms. She is a widow, but is she is also young. She is the woman who cheats on Troilus and breaks his heart, but she is also innocent. Chaucer uses an ambiguous term to make the reader examine Criseydes character more closely. Pandarus also uses the word in Book III, during a discussion with Criseyde. Criseyde wants him to give Troilus a ring on her behalf, to which Pandarus replies, This [man] is so gentil and so tendre of herte/ That with his doeth he wol his sorwes wreke (904-905). The reader can interpret this word according to both the second and fifth meanings listed above. Describing Troilus as tenderhearted suggests that he is vulnerable, sorrowful, or painful (207-209). However, because it is Pandarus (who also pressures Troilus into action throughout the text) who speaks the phrase, Chaucer intends the reader to see the double meaning of the word and think of Troilus as impressionable, as well. The next two uses of the word tender are fairly straightforward, and do not rely on multiple meanings. Criseyde uses the term when she cries to herself upon realizing that she will be exchanged for Antenor. She asks, How shal youre tendre herte this sustene? (795). Here, the word is interpreted as meaning vulnerable. The fourth use of the word occurs in the opening of Book V: the narrator uses it in relation to a plant, saying, and Zepherus as ofte/ Ibrought ayeyn the tendre leves grene (10-11). The fifth and final use of the word occurs in Book V, during the narrators description of Crisyede: Tendre-hearted, slydynge of corage;/ But trewely, I kan nat telle hire age (825-826). Here, Chaucer again plays off the various meanings of tendre, using it to signify both naÃÆ' ¯vete and compassion. However, because he follows the phrase with a reference to her age, he wants the reader to note that the term can also indicate youth. Chaucer uses the multiple meanings of the word tendre throughout Troilus and Criseyde to add depth to the characters. Though sometimes he intends the word to be interpreted in a straightforward fashion, in at least three instances he urges the reader to take into account the varying meanings of the word. The medieval definitions of the terms as naÃÆ' ¯ve, young, sensitive, fresh in relation to plants, and sorrowful offer insight into Chaucers style and intentions.

Expanding River Coffee Roasters into Australia Research Paper

Expanding River Coffee Roasters into Australia - Research Paper Example This is because the Australian government has prioritized education and made it affordable. It is compulsory for every citizen to attend school until the age of sixteen years (Margison 42). Australia is a country that offers quality and relevant education that has attracted people from various parts of the world. This is because they are able to cater for foreigners who are not adept in English as a language. Australian teachers have skills for communicating to the foreigners; schools offer programs in which students from overseas are taught how to speak English (Seddon 65). The use of technology has also eased the edification process. Australian government protects international students by ensuring that their education is in accordance with the national settings and those who offer education do not use substandard material (Henry 34). Australia education appreciates cultural diversity from dissimilar people in the world. Teachers are employed from diverse parts of the globe, thus they are able to appreciate a diverse populace. They offer scholarships that are helping students, hence enabling them to study in Australia. The Australian government emphasizes on early childhood education where children are encouraged to enroll in education at an early age (Jaai). This is to ensure children are introduced to civilization and literacy at an early age. The government has incorporated computer skills both in primary and secondary levels of schooling, thereby enabling children to cope and understand the current trends and happenings in the world. Due to quality and relevant education in Australia, it has proven to be a suitable place to venture in coffee business (Marks). Australians habitually modify their dietary preferences. Anciently, hunting and collection of fruits was the preferred mode of feeding. The early settlers mainly kept European animals for meat, including sheep, pigs and goats. They also grew flour, which was used for making bread (Burke, Cox

Introduction to Economics (Past Paper) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Introduction to Economics (Past Paper) - Essay Example TRUE: If a country has the competitive advantage of producing a good, then it should use the same advantage to produce the same and export (Lipsey & Chrystal, 2007). Importing commodities that a country can produce more cheaply will only lead to trade deficits, hence a bad economic policy. TRUE: Demand curve for an inferior good must be upwards-sloping due to the fact that the income and substitution effects work in different directions. Whereas a decrease in price of an inferior good causes more consumption via the substitution effect, the same is likely to cause less consumption given the income effect (Lipsey & Chrystal, 2007). In the below figure, X is a inferior good while Y is a normal good given the reduction and increase in demand respectively due to increases in income (income substitution). TRUE: Marginal cost (MC) is the additional cost incurred in producing one more unit hence; it changes with changes in the quantity produced. In a scenario where the marginal cost is increasing, the average total cost (ATC) curve is likely to be U-shaped (Lipsey & Chrystal, 2007). MC is factored within ATC and as quantity increases; the ATC and MC will decrease and increase respectively. MC will continue to increase thereby pulling up the ATC hence the marginal cost crosses average cost at a point where average cost is increasing as illustrated below. FALSE: Diseconomies of scale occur in an organization when expansion of all available inputs such as labour and capital causes an increase in the long-run average cost (Lipsey & Chrystal, 2007). On the other hand, diminishing marginal return refers to an economic scenario where marginal product continues to diminish despite addition of one input and holding the other inputs constant (Lipsey & Chrystal, 2007). Therefore, diseconomies of scale is not related to diminishing marginal returns since the latter only

Validity in Quantitative Research Design Assignment

Validity in Quantitative Research Design - Assignment Example Biasness in the research is one of the major threats to validity, in order to strengthen careful and reflective approach in the study, to minimise the influence of personal ground of the interviewer in study. Furthermore, through proper selection of the sample size based on the degree of knowledge and experience affects the validity of the study, as one participant experience and status differ with respect to the other. Moreover, through implementing proper strategy, the descriptive validity will be ensured, as audiences will have high interaction with the entire study. Contextually, interpretive validity will be ensured if there is no biasness during proper selection of sample. Through providing proper evidences in the study theoretical validity can be explored to actually fit with the data (Lund Research Ltd, 2012; Metheny et al., 2010). In this regard, neglecting the aspects of validity in the Advanced Practice Nurses (APN) study creates negative consequences, which leads to a research gap and major limitation in the overall study. Moreover, through having research gap and less trustworthiness in the study the patients safety and quality healthcare gets highly affected, as APN studies is undertaken to provide proper evidence to the other research works (Hughes, 2008). Hughes, R. G. (2008). Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses. Retrieved from

Karl Marx's Philosophical Views Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Karl Marx's Philosophical Views - Essay Example Finally, I shall give my own reflection on whether communism would work or not.   Affluence by Marx According to Karl Marx, affluence refers to a situation when the working class in the society ends up being more economically stable. This relates to them having an opportunity to mortgage houses, invest in the stock market, amongst other businesses. In the long run, class struggles were witnessed in the society, and as Galbraith (pp.63) indicates, the rich had a lot to lose in this struggle. The society saw a reduction in the cottage factories, due to the increasing service provision industries, which saw a huge employment of the persons in the middle class society. It is apparent that the number of persons employed to perform manual jobs greatly reduced; thus, an increase in the bourgeoisie jobs. This gave a lot of people meaning to the kind of life they were living in the society, as all upheld the fact that they had to work to survive in the economic times. There was an increase in the rush to production and consumption means, an elucidation of the fact that all humans wanted to fulfill their potential. At this time, it is vital to note that the society was industrializing by the day. The society was slowly shifting into being an affluent one, with the rush of the classes, especially persons of the low classes taking part in the revolution towards attaining a higher status. However, one would argue that Marx was wrong in his thoughts that the society would not attain socialism with then rush to affluence and the advent of new technologies in the society. Galbraith would instead argue that the society would otherwise attain socialism if the foundations of the society are upheld keenly, even with most humble societies (63). Marx- ‘religion is the opium of the masses’ This remains one of the most remembered phrases by Karl Marx. In relation to the workers party, Marx aimed at bringing pout the view that religion is simply a tool that is used to su bdue some groups of people from others. In the research carried out by Marx & Marx et al, (pp.89), Marx indicates that religion has been vocal in silencing the working class, in an endeavor to defend the bourgeois from any form of exploitation and competition. In this case, the rich always avoided a situation whereby religion would die down. Marx & Marx et al state categorically that religion is the best instrument to get to the people with (90). In the layman point of view, religion is the source of hope for all, food for the hungry, home to the destitute, amongst others. Through this notion the poor have been oppressed in terms of the economic ability; thus, injustices in the social order. Religion can in this case be described as the source of all the predicaments in the society, by virtue of the oppressors using this tool to oppress the inexperienced and poor. In light to the interpretation of this statement, it is palpable that it holds much deeper meaning than it is perceived by the layman. It would be of great benefit if the whole theme of religion would be banned to reduce the endless streams of tears among the societal members (Marx & Marx et al, pp.89).   Marx- ‘workers of the world unite’ In his work, Hallas attempts to scrutinize Karl Marx’s viewpoints on the unity by workers (11). Marx was fully concerned with the progress of capitalism in the society, which according to him was the source of a myriad of production forces in

Leadership Skills Needed for 21st Century Coursework

Leadership Skills Needed for 21st Century - Coursework Example Therefore new leadership skills are required for leaders which help them to handle those challenges. This case study highlights the views of famous leaders of some reputed companies regarding the leadership skills required for 21st century. Leadership skills play a vital role globalizing and enhancing different activities and processes of business. Oh-Hyun Kwon the Vice Chairman and CEO of Samsung has mentioned that leaders must upgrade their skills along with the changing business environment. According to Mr. Known, the modern world businesses are expanding globally at a very faster rate. Therefore, the business leaders must have broad mindset which will help them to act and think globally. The leaders need to have strong analytical skill. This will facilitate them to implement any decision in the complex business environment of 21st century. The firms of 21st century believe in innovations. Therefore, the leaders must have the skill to develop and establish unique products and services. This will contribute a lot in growth and development of the business (Bamberger and Meshoulam, 2000). In the present time the organizations have employees who belong from different cultural background. According to Oh-Hyun Kwon leaders should have the skills to embrace cultural diversity in the work place. They should extract good things fro m different cultures and motivate people to follow those things for reducing cultural gaps. The ability of strategic thinking is required for the leaders for enhancing the business processes. The leaders must develop different activities for helping the society and environment. For this reason they must have strong interpersonal skills which will help the leaders to establish connection with the people. The leaders need to have good communication power for enhancing the business process (Story and Barbuto, 2011). Strong communication will help them to provide knowledge to all organizational members. The

Federalists Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Federalists Paper - Essay Example These three founding fathers of the United States Constitution use the pseudonym Publius in order for them not to hide their identity but to honor the name of the Roman consul Publius Valerius Publicola. The Revolution and Reconstruction of America and its Constitution are owed to several founding fathers of the United States of America which consists of statesmen, politicians, and federalists etcetera. It takes place when in the midst of a controversy in the American government with the discussion on the Constitutional Convention, a certain Alexander Hamilton courageously write and publish for public reviews on October 27, 1787 the Federalist #1, an introductory essay serves as the instigation and initiative suggestion and later called the General Introduction of the Federalist Paper series. The essay is done and is composed mostly to persuade people to support the Constitution. Moreover, his two colleagues write the supporting essays in the Federalist Papers which gives Hamilton the motivation to continue writing. Hamilton's Federalist #6, which the argument continued to Federalist #7, concerns about the Dangers from Dissensions Between the States while Federalist #8 argues about the Consequences of Hostilities Between the States. Federalist #9 is the first half of the argument about the Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Factions and Insurrections. Federalist #11 to 13 states the Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy; Utility of the Union in Respect to Revenue; and the Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government, in that order, while Federalist #15 to 17 argues with similar issue of an Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union. Other essays authored by Hamilton are as follows: Federalist #21 to 22 - Other Defects of the Present Confederation Federalist #23 - The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to thePreservation of the Union Federalist #24 to 25 - The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered Federalist #26 to 28 - The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered Federalist #29 - Concerning the Militia Federalist #30 to 36 - Concerning the General Power of Taxation Federalist #59 to 61 - Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members It is also Alexander Hamilton who continually wrote the Federalist #65 to Federalist #85 alone which the later published on August 13 and 16, 1788 as the Concluding Remarks. Topics discussed in these texts are: Federalist #65 & 67 - The Powers of the Senate (as initiated in Federalist #64 by Jay) Federalist #66 - Objections to the Power of the Senate to Set as a Court for Impeachments Further Considered Federalist #68 - The Mode of Electing the President Federalist #69 - The Real Character

Leadership Skills Needed for 21st Century Coursework

Leadership Skills Needed for 21st Century - Coursework Example Therefore new leadership skills are required for leaders which help them to handle those challenges. This case study highlights the views of famous leaders of some reputed companies regarding the leadership skills required for 21st century. Leadership skills play a vital role globalizing and enhancing different activities and processes of business. Oh-Hyun Kwon the Vice Chairman and CEO of Samsung has mentioned that leaders must upgrade their skills along with the changing business environment. According to Mr. Known, the modern world businesses are expanding globally at a very faster rate. Therefore, the business leaders must have broad mindset which will help them to act and think globally. The leaders need to have strong analytical skill. This will facilitate them to implement any decision in the complex business environment of 21st century. The firms of 21st century believe in innovations. Therefore, the leaders must have the skill to develop and establish unique products and services. This will contribute a lot in growth and development of the business (Bamberger and Meshoulam, 2000). In the present time the organizations have employees who belong from different cultural background. According to Oh-Hyun Kwon leaders should have the skills to embrace cultural diversity in the work place. They should extract good things fro m different cultures and motivate people to follow those things for reducing cultural gaps. The ability of strategic thinking is required for the leaders for enhancing the business processes. The leaders must develop different activities for helping the society and environment. For this reason they must have strong interpersonal skills which will help the leaders to establish connection with the people. The leaders need to have good communication power for enhancing the business process (Story and Barbuto, 2011). Strong communication will help them to provide knowledge to all organizational members. The

Jurisprudence Essay Example for Free

Jurisprudence Essay The term jurisprudence has been used in very different senses. Originally it meant the science of Right. Afterwards it was used to mean knowledge of the principles of law, or skill in its practice. In the institutes of Justinian Jurisprudence is define d to be the knowledge of what is just and unjust. Upon the revival of learning in Europe in the sixteenth century, jurisprudence was used to signify the knowledge of the Roman law. The term has also been used in a sense borrowed from the French to imply a collection of the principles belonging to particular branches of law – thus, Equity Jurisprudence, Maritime Jurisprudence. The term has also been used to signify the whole body of the law of a State—thus, the Jurisprudence of England. The classification of laws has never yet been adopted upon the grand scale demanded by Jurisprudence. If a system of the Law were correctly framed, and if codes of laws were drafted of one true principle by all civilized nations, the language of each race would serve as a glossary by which all systems of positive law might be explained; whilst the matter in each code would afford a test and standard by which all might be tried. By law is here understood positive law—that is, the law existing by position, or, the law of human enactment. Jurisprudence is the science of positive laws, and, as such, is the theory of those duties which are capable of being enforced by the public authority. Jurisprudence, so treated, may take its place as one of those inductive sciences in which, by the observation of the facts and use of reason, systems of doctrine have been established which are universally received as truths among thoughtful men. But Jurisprudence in its in its investigation of the origin, principles, and development of law, obviously furnishes rules which teach men to acknowledge and select good laws, to shun evil laws, and to practice the existing laws and apply them skillfully. Hence, Jurisprudence is not only the Science of Positive Laws but is also the Art of Legislation and the practice of Advocacy. A Jurist may state principles of law in his study, enact laws in the senate, or advocate rights in his forum (Heron, 2001). Jerome and West contribution  The American Legal Realists exhibited many and diverse, not always compatible, attitudes towards the possibilities of exploring the future, even while making important contributions to needed theory and procedures. Thus Jerome Frank was a leader in deriding the possibilities of predicting official behaviour by the application of traditional legal rules and was most skeptical of the potentialities of reliable prediction by any means; yet he made uniquely significant contribution by drawing upon many psychologies to demonstrate the importance of predispositional factors (the subjectivities of decision makers) in affecting all decision. The insistence of the Realists, already described, that technical legal rules be related to categories of events in community process that raise comparable policy problems has tremendously increases the possibilities of achieving comprehensive and precise description of relevant past trends in decision and value consequences (Lasswell McDougal, 1992). Jerome Frank has set out in his well known work†¦ to analyze the law from a psychoanalytical point of view. In the traditional teaching and presentation of the law Frank discerns a desire for certainty which he likens to the infant’s craving for infallible authority (father complex). Lawyers in general, and judges in particular, have clung to the myth of legal certainty, by establishing fictitious system of precedents, hiding before themselves and others the fact that every case is unique and requires creative decisions. A similar myth surrounds the activities of juries. Analytical jurisprudence expresses this child like desire for certainty and stability. Frank’s own ideal is the â€Å"the completely adult lawyer† (Marke, 1995). Although Gray joins Holmes as one of the two great Jurisprudential heroes for Jerome Frank, Karl Llewellyn, and the other legal realists, he is much more than that ; he is a kind of American John Austin, but one whose analytical Jurisprudence does not act as if legal concept originated and developed outside legal history. He represents the positivistic branch of the American pragmatic legal tradition. He is closer to Austin than Holmes, than but not as influenced as Holmes— or John Dewey— by historical jurisprudence, or the evolutionary controversy, or the increasing respect philosophers paid to the very idea of historical development( Gray,1999). Jerome was heavily critical of the work of Christopher Columbus Langdell, the American legal academic whose is best known for introducing the ‘case method’ of teaching law into American law Schools. Langdell viewed law as a science, which could be practiced very simply by applying legal rules mechanically to specific cases recorded in the law reports. Langdell’s method rested heavily on the positivistic notion that law resided solely in the reports of decided cases or in statutes. Jerome criticized this arguing that Langdellian legal science had very little to do with law, because it overlooked such things as the lawyer-client relationship and the rule of the jury. He argued that Langdell’s attitude towards law was typical of what he termed ‘the basic legal myth’; lawyers promote the myth that legal rules can be applied in a mechanical way because they, like all human beings, are constantly looking for certainty. The purpose of Realism, on the other hand, was to expose this myth. This concern with what Frank saw as law in action, rather than with the ‘legal myth’ of the law in the books, was typical of the concerns expressed by members of the legal realist movement. The contradiction which can be found in the work of not only of Jerome, but also of another American Legal Realists, is a serious flaw. However, American Legal Realism, with it emphasis on ‘law in action’ rather than ‘law in the books’ had a positive contribution to make to the development of Jurisprudence(Cownie, Bradney Burton, 2007). While some sought a stable referent, others, such as Mackinnon and Matsuda, sought to refashion old tools to serve new purposes. The equal protection clause of the American constitution seemed a promising candidate, and the Jurisprudence of antisubordination was born. West, Kennedy, Mackinnon and Matsuda are united in the belief that outsiders will not find freedom, justice, or equality in the law as it is. They insisted that law’s empire is defined not by attitude, but by what really happens (and what does not happen). Inequality†¦is not a bad attitude that floats in the sky but an embodied particular that walks on the ground. † An attitude of equal concern, one might say, can very easily leave unaltered the â€Å"embodied particulars† that constitute the reality of inequality as opposed to the theory (Berns, 1993). By promoting the idea that rights are crucial for the protection of individual autonomy, Robin West argues, liberal jurisprudence fails adequately to represent more identifiably ‘feminine’ values such as intimacy and care. Liberal jurisprudence is essentially masculine jurisprudence, in other words, because it prioritizes the distinctively male ethic of justice or rights. Robin West claims, ‘it is nevertheless an institution within which we work from a position of relative disempowerment. ’ For feminist legal theorists, this sense of marginalization is attributable primarily to the fact that critical legal studies, like liberal jurisprudence, fails sufficiently to take into account women’s experience, values and concerns (Duxbury, 1997). In 1988, Robin West began her well known-article â€Å"Jurisprudence and Gender† by asking WHAT IS A HUMAN BEING? â€Å"What is a human being? Legal Theorist must, perforce, answer this question: jurisprudence, after all, is about human beings. † Robin West. She concluded that women are not human beings insofar as legal theory is concerned. Her question, and the contribution of feminist theory to answer, forms a central theme to this work. If the definition of a human being is central to jurisprudence, it is vital to uncover whether that definition adequately encompasses all human beings. Western conceptions of human beings have been inadequate in that they have failed to encompass all human beings. In some instances this is because of the inherent constitution of the definition, while in others, the problem arises from the way theories have been misinterpreted (Marshall, 2005). Towards a Fist Amendment Jurisprudence of Respect. Robin comments that Goerge Fletcher’s recent article helps us see that those understandings, in turn, rest on two different conceptions of what he labels our senses of â€Å"constitutional identity. Although it is largely undefined by Fletcher, we might take his phrase â€Å"constitutional identity to refer† to refer to that aspect of our collective and individual self-conception which we owe to our shared constitutional heritage, and which at least on occasion determines outcomes in close constitutional heritage, and which at least on occasion determines outcomes in close constitutional cases in ways that â€Å"overarching principles of political morality† do not. The two understanding of our constitution identity that seem to bolster these conflicting accounts of the constitutional status of hate speech regulations might be called, however unimaginatively, the liberal and the progressive paradigm. Both the liberal and unquestionably dominant account of free speech and the correlative liberal arguments against the constitutionality of hate speech regulations are deeply familiar. Both were recently affirmed by the Supreme Court, and both are eloquently spelled out in Fletcher’s article. Like prayer in earlier times, expression of our innermost selves is a vital means of self fulfillment, and hence it is itself a moral act of high order. We each bare our individual, our innermost souls when we express ourselves. And, because we value individual souls, we protect and value our speech, whatever its context or side effects. We protect expression today for essentially the same reason we once protected religion—namely, the constitutive role of expressive religion in earlier times, and expressive speech today, in the development of the individual’s personality(West,1994). Relevance of Jurisprudence The broad division of jurisprudential inquiry indicates that jurisprudence covers a wide area of study, dealing with a variety of issues and topics, as well as touching on a whole range of other subjects and disciplines. The unifying element in all these aspects of the study, however, is that, in every case, the main question that is being investigated and to which an answer is being sought is, briefly, ‘what is law? ’ According to Chinhengo (2000), essentially, all jurists are seeking to explain the incidence, existence and consequence of law as a social phenomenon. Consequently, general questions to be answered are concerned with such matters as the following: †¢ the origin and sources of law generally and/or in specific societies; the historical development of law in general and the emergence and evolution of specific legal systems, traditions and practices; †¢ the meaning of specific legal concepts and the construction of various legal structures and processes; †¢ the link between law and other social phenomena, such as political ideologies, economic interests, social classes, and moral and religious conventions; †¢ the operation of the law as a mode of social control and the effects that it has on the persons to whom it applies, in terms of justice as well as social, economic and political developments. This interdisciplinary quality of jurisprudence has meant that a student of the subject has to touch on matters that would normally belong to such diverse other disciplines as philosophy, economic theory, sociology, anthropology, history, theology, and even geography. Within all these other areas of study are to be found the munitions of the jurists, who uses the conclusions and insights of scholars studying in such areas to explain law as a social phenomenon, and applies the methodology of these other modes of enquiry to further the understanding of particular legal concepts. In conclusion Jurisprudence, as a subject in many law school curricula, is intended to provide the law student with a device by which he can ground his or her academic knowledge of the black-letter of the law to the reality of the social context in which the legal rules, structure and processes actually occur and operate. The idea, then, is to link the wealth of legal concepts, rules, statutes, precedents, structures, and processes, which one has imbibed haphazardly over a period of time, to the systematic theoretical and sociological insights about the role and place of law in society which jurisprudence seeks to provide (Chinhengo, 2000).

Oxendales Marketing Strategy Analysis

Oxendales Marketing Strategy Analysis Anthony Nolan Marketing Campaign Oxendales started off as a purely clothing supplier when they first appeared online but nowadays they sell a lot of different things from home wear to electricals and entertainment items. Through broadening their stock range, they have become a more desirable option for many more segments of the demographic. This report will show how Oxendales go about their business and how they are viewed by the public that use their service. Oxendales marketing campaigns are ongoing. They are around a long time and their name is a household one. Nonetheless they do still need to get their product out there. With this company, selling items is just part of the offer. They also give credit and charge interest on that credit. They make a lot of money doing business in this manner. Once a new season collection of clothing is announced their marketers set in motion a plan that gets the new arrivals from the storehouse to the public. They appear to have a good idea of who they are targeting with their campaigns. The demographic being targeted is the medium to low income earner or people on social welfare; people who can afford to pay instalments but cannot necessarily afford to buy a product outright. For this segment of the market, Oxendales are often an invaluable ally in helping them to clothe themselves, their families and their homes. Oxendales have a huge selection of items on offer for people and for the household. They tend to bring out two new lines of clothing every year. The different styles and items are reflective of the different seasons. The first line of the year is the Spring/Summer collection, which typically comes to the fore around March or April. Then around September they announce their Autumn/Winter collection. Oxendales introduce their new lines typically through a number of channels that they feel will get their product specifically to the target segment. They show their stock on television, using TV3 as their main channel for showing people the wares on offer. They utilise the show Ireland AM to get their new offers into the vision and minds of the public. At the same time as being seen on television they will also be launching advertising collateral campaigns on many different levels, from more television advertising to social media and physical paper advertising. They will follow this up by interacting with the public one-to-one in trade shows such as the Womans World Show which is a yearly event held at the RDS in Dublin. This public relations meet and greet is meant to align Oxendales with many of the other company brand competitors attending the show as well as get their own brand into the minds of the public or to cement their brand in the minds of people who already know of them. No matter where and through what channel they are showing their items, one will find a consistent feel to their advertisements. The colours used are often very alike across all of their advertising campaigns. If one is reading a flyer that falls out of a magazine they will feel that the look of that flyer is consistent with an advertisement they may have seen on-line for example The visual connection is apparent. The consistent look leads on to the famous Three Cs of marketing. Do Oxendales fulfil this criteria? Well their communications are first class. Their advertisements and language used is clear and concise and is not in the least confusing. They sometimes communicate how simple it is to get credit from them as much as their actual items for sale. Their items are often not as Compelling as their credit offers. Oxendales can often reel in a buyer through the promise of buy now-pay later. This is a compelling way to attract custom from the target segment. Their look remains Consistent throughout. Their colours and designs used for advertising is instantly recognisable and they do utilise consistency across channels. Oxendales use integrated communications too. Every time a piece of Oxendales literature is examined or online source seen, one can immediately identify that the company link to the other places they are available to view as well as to their website. They often also link to their credit facilities which experience has told them is a unique selling point. The Marketing Mix The Product Being Sold The most important part of Oxendales overall product is convenience. Online Shopping is on the rise according to Roy Morgan Research (2015). So, from that we can conclude that people are using the convenience of online shopping for a myriad of reasons. What are these reasons? Upstream Commerce (2012) quoted the eight most important reasons that people shop online as Convenience, Better Prices, Variety, Fewer Expenses, Comparison of Prices, No Crowds, Compulsive Shopping and Discreet Purchases. We will see many of these reasons pop up again and again. Barbara Thau of Forbes.com (2013) quotes a study by strategy and marketing consultants Simon, Kucher and Partners when she propounds that 24% of online shoppers like to buy books, consumer electronics and entertainment online while 18% of online consumers prefer to buy health and beauty products, toys, sports equipment, hobby interests, clothing, merchandise and furniture online. This is an interesting finding in relation to Oxendales online activity. 24% of online shopping is spent on books, consumer electronics and entertainment. How many of these do Oxendales supply? The answer is two of the three. Oxendales will sell a person everything from an IPod to an Xbox and from a television to a heater (and many, many items in between). Books are the odd ones out. We move on 18% of people shop online to buy health and beauty products, toys, sports equipment, hobby interests, clothing, merchandise and furniture. That is seven categories of items that could possibly be sold online. Again, how many of them do Oxendales sell? The answer is Five. This online behemoth sells all of that list barring hobby interests and merchandise (though all things sold could be classed as merchandise surely?) So going by the experts views on why people shop online, one would have to conclude that Oxendales understand the reasons and offer an excellent product to people in their online store in order to fulfil the needs of their customers. Specifically however a product is more than just an item. How does this company fulfil the other range of criterion that goes to tick the product box in relation to Marketing? Quality: Like many shops, both online and physical, the quality of item bought is directly linked to the price of the product. Having sampled many of Oxendales products they have been found to be durable and fashion sensitive. Certainly as an online shop, Oxendales is seen as a high quality outlet. Image: The image of Oxendales is linked to a few things. Firstly, it is seen as somewhere that people can buy things now and pay later, thanks to their simple and effective paying plans. They are also seen as ultra-convenient. Oxendales have a wonderful selection of items too in a vast array of sizes and models. So the overall image is one of ease of access to what people want and ease of payment. Branding: Oxendales is a household name. They have been around since 1875 (Oxendales: About, 2016) so it is understandable that in that time they have become so well known. Features, Variants and Mix: As alluded to earlier, this online super store offers many items in many different configurations, sizes, colours and categories. Customer Service: Excellent customer service is available, through online, telephone and written media. When an order is received, the packaging staff also include a return label in case an item does not suit the customer for whatever reason. Availability: Always available to use, every moment of every day of the year. Warranties: Oxendales offer a refund, repair or replacement service on all items purchased that do not reach the consumer in perfect condition (Oxendales: About, 2016). Promotion Oxendales promote sales by giving special offers on their website. The have seasonal promotions in which they offer certain items at a discount price. When Spring arrives, they will often sell outdoor furniture and garden implements at a special discount. In addition to their discounted stock, they also promote through email by giving existing customers money off codes that they can apply to their basket the next time they are online for a discount. For non-members, the company will email introductory offers always highlighting their easy payment option. Almost everybody who applies to Oxendales will be accepted for payment through credit. This company is a market leader in direct marketing. Price It appears that Oxendales do not believe in low price equalling higher sales. Their prices are never as low as one might find on the bargain rail of a local department store. Even when discounts are given, one might find that the item on discount would still exceed the price of a similar discount in a high street shop. As far as positioning goes, the idea that Oxendales wants to hold in the mind of consumers is one of ultimate convenience and ease of purchase. Due to their massive stock one can find almost anything within their range to suit them. Due to their credit facility, one can spend money that they do not actually have and then pay off the cost of the purchases over a set period of time. Due to the company accepting almost anyone that applies for credit, that will place a multitude of people in a catchment net for business, particularly approaching festive periods and leading up to birthdays, weddings, interviews etcetera. The position of Oxendales as a brand is very much one of convenience. However, when people are finding it difficult to keep up to date with payments then the company could be seen as a nuisance and increasingly in a bad light due to their continued letters and phone calls, even though the reason for the continued negative correspondence lies with the consumer. Finally, Oxendales do not only sell through a credit account payment option. They also allow people to pay directly like any other online shop, through use of Credit/Debit card. They do not allow payment through an online bank such as PayPal however. Place Oxendales use a number of different suppliers as part of their distribution channel. Many of their suppliers are little known brands like Premier Man for example. These brands are created and sold exclusively in online shops like Oxendales. The items are produced at low price in many Asian countries, shipped to Oxendales warehouse and then sold on to the consumer or end-user. The company also sell high street brands such as Levis, Wrangler, Toshiba, Black and Decker and Timberland to name a very few. It is the same type of distribution channel. Oxendales buy in the stock at the stock price and then sell on with a mark up to the customer. Of course Oxendales also gain revenue through the interest they charge on their credit facility. The sales support for this company is quite good. They can be contacted by telephone, through a form online on their page and by email. The best way is by far by telephone as one knows they are being heard and they will get an immediate response. The company use a first level channel for selling goods. The goods are produced and then sent directly to Oxendales without the need for a wholesaler. The company also has a presence on social media such as Pinterest, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and Blogger. People As far as customer contact goes, Oxendales rarely need to interact with anyone. They do have a phone contact number and there is an automated response which, if navigated correctly will eventually lead to an operator who is usually very friendly and interested in the query being made. However because their system is so well set up online, there is little need for assistance from another person in order to order goods or return them. Having said that they do have top quality IT staff who keep the website current and glitch-less so that the business of making money can continue apace. The webpages of the Oxendales website have all of the facilities that even the most limited computer user might need and understand. The people who work on the image of the company have done a good job keeping the convenience image to the forefront. They also superbly make the consumer feel that they are getting a bargain when in fact they may not be, not compared to a high street store. However the consumer often values convenience over price. Process The process used is very definitely a customer focussed approach. Oxendales want to radiate a friendly and relaxed approach to consumers in everything they offer, from getting the customer to choose the products to be bought to getting the customer to part with their money. Everything on the website is streamlined and very easy to navigate. Most modern internet speeds will allow for easy navigation and very quick page loading. The design of the website is excellent. The pages scroll and it is up to the user of the site to choose how many items to view per page. There is also a facility where one can sort the item content on a number of criteria from Best Sellers, New in, On Sale to Ratings, Price lowest to Highest and vice versa. Moving from one area to the next is very easy too with the use of a docked banner at the head of the page displaying the different department names, each one hyperlinked to the appropriate section. The actual process of finding, adding to the basket and checking out ones selections is very easy on this website. It gives the impression of years of experience on the companys part. Physical Evidence The whole online experience of shopping at Oxendales is really a very good, easy and addictive one. Given a large enough spend limit it could be imagined that many people would get themselves into a lot of debt in a single visit. Once one uses this site, and provided one has some credit left on their account, it is almost a certainty that one will return and purchase again and again. The whole feel is one of ease and once a purchase is made, one of fulfilment. Oxendales offer a positive feeling to people visiting their site. When the products ordered do eventually arrive at ones front door, they are always packaged superbly in a heavy weight plastic outer layer covering a bubble wrap and a thinner plastic inner layer. They come with a printed receipt and a printed returns label should it be required. Really the whole process from ordering to actually receiving the goods is very simple and incredibly stress-free. Visible Metrics Not having access to information about Oxendales Social Media internal metrics one can only comment upon the visible on-page information that is available to all viewers. On Facebook, Oxendales have 20585 followers. The Facebook page receives between one and four new posts from the page manager each day. New posts receive on average four likes each Judging by the amount of likes for their posts, their followers either do not regularly visit the page or they do not like the posts. Due to their continued success in the online shopping market, one could conclude the former reason for the lack of post likes. There have been seventeen visitor posts going back to December 17th 2015, from a membership of over twenty thousand. Oxendales post both images and video files to their Facebook page but neither are very popular Oxendales have 1344 followers on Twitter The Twitter Page receives between one and five new posts per day from the page manager. New posts receive an average of one like each New posts are rarely retweeted Like Facebook, it can be construed that their presence on Twitter does not greatly contribute to their actual sales on their website. Very rarely does any one of the 1344 followers ever reply to a tweet on the Oxendales Twitter page Oxendales has 23 followers on Instagram They have posted 184 images on Instagram Out of 184 posts, they have received just 5 comments Out of 184 posts, they have received 114 Likes concentrated on 26 of the total posts Without access to their page metrics and only going on the visible data one could conclude that Oxendales success is certainly not based upon their online presence. From the information gained one can see that very few people interact with the company through social media. For this reason, it must be concluded that their success is based upon other strategies. Targeted Demographic Oxendales has an emphasis on contemporary womens styling ranging from sizes 12-32 and were constantly developing our collections to bring you the latest looks that will keep you on-trend throughout the season. With our brand ambassador Lorraine Kelly choosing her favourite pieces, were making shopping for plus size clothes, lingerie and wide fit shoes and boots fun, easy and enjoyable regardless of age, size and shape. (Oxendales Website, 2016) The above direct quote is taken from the home page of the Irish Oxendales website. They do offer clothing for children too and for men and they offer homeware and electrical goods. However, this is the headline from the home page of their website. This above all would intimate the following: That the company are targeting the female demographic above all else. That they are attempting to target all age groups of adult women. That they are attempting to target all shapes and sizes of adult women. That they are targeting women who are fashion sensitive and want to be dressed in up to the minute styles Once one clicks on the Menswear hyperlink, the following is displayed: At JD Williams we know that finding stylish menswear that fits perfectly can be tricky. Our collection of big and tall menswear comes in a range of sizes to give you perfectly proportioned design. We have t-shirts, polos, coats and jackets in chest sizes 36-66, plus our trousers and jeans are available in 5 leg lengths, including extra-short and extra-long leg and waist sizes 32-64. Discover how easy it is to find the perfect fit for every occasion. (Oxendales Website, 2016) Oxendales is still the page header however Williams and Brown is the Menswear Department name. They are using this ploy of renaming the department to make it distinct and separate from the other departments. Their catch-line on this page would suggest the following: That they stock many different types of clothing from T-shirts to jackets to trousers That they cater for all sizes of man, tall, small, fat, thin and everything in between You name it, kids need it. Cots, highchairs, clothes, shoes, coats. But with all this in one place, shopping for your family has never been simpler. Look out for our new range of girls and boys clothing in our collection of baby, nursery and childrens essentials. (Oxendales Website, 2016) This demographic is aimed at the younger generation and is found on the kids page of the website. So what can one glean from this statement? They stock items for many ages of child They stock items for both girls and boys So what can be concluded from the information gained? The conclusion has to be that Oxendales, while catering for many different types of person and interest, primarily wants women to visit their site. This is suggested by the first page loaded on entering the website being aimed primarily at women. The want ladies of all ages and who are fashion sensitive. They probably know that even in the year 2016, women still do a lot of the buying for the household and therefore by targeting women on their home page, they are indirectly offering them the other areas of the site for their perusal also. The tag-lines on the Menswear and kids-wear pages are also aimed at women as well as men. They continue to talk about interests of women, the perfect fit and fashion. Advertising Campaign Oxendales advertise their online business in a number of ways. They use different online sources and some physical ways to advertise (as opposed to intangible online advertising). Their latest advertising technique is to sponsor television shows. They are the current sponsor of the popular television drama Downton Abbey. This means that every time the show is on television, the Oxendales brand is shown on-screen prior to the start of the episode and at the start and end of every advertisement break. This is more than just advertising of course as they are also positioning their Brand next to the aristocratic gentry of a period now long since passed. The nobility and wealth of the families portrayed in the show places Oxendales into a high class light by association. They also advertise on television on daytime television. Ireland AM is a popular morning show mostly for stay at home mothers and unemployed people. The latest fashions available from Oxendales can be seen quite often being modelled on this show. Ireland AM also tend to use real people as models rather than incredibly beautiful sculpted catwalk ladies and gentlemen. This is good for Oxendales as they are trying to sell their brand to the people in the street. On the negative side, using normal people their clothes may not look as glamorous as they would on a professional model. Oxendales advertise online on such sites as hotfrog.ie and rollercoaster.ie. The former is a business directory and this type of advertising is quite astute as people use business directories all the time to locate phone numbers and addresses. Having an ad in such a place should serve the company well. The latter, rollercoaster.ie is a parent and pregnancy site. One can immediately see what Oxendales intentions are here. They are appealing to the mother on behalf of the child; they sell for both. Their online presence also stretches to social media. Not only do they have their various social media pages but they also have paid advertisements in the side bars on the various pages on various sites. Finally, they use the old fashioned paper and card as advertising media. Quite often in glossy womens magazines, postcard sized spam cards will fall out when opened. This junk often consists of various offers and advertisements for different shops, both physical and online. Oxendales do advertise in this manner. They also buy advertisement pages within the magazines pages. Their other paper advertising is through their own full and mini-catalogues. The full Oxendales catalogue is only available through request from their site. However, the mini-catalogues showing their latest offers are sometimes distributed through peoples letterboxes and as a third party supplement in Sunday Newspapers. Bibliography ONLINE SHOPPING STATS: http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6095-online-shopping-on-rise-201503182332 WHY SHOP ONLINE? http://upstreamcommerce.com/blog/2012/02/14/8-reasons-consumer-likes-shop-online WHY SHOP ONLINE? http://www.forbes.com/sites/barbarathau/2013/10/08/why-consumers-really-shop-online/#304510da4ab5 OXENDALES ABOUT US: http://www.oxendales.ie/shop/aboutus/aboutUsView.action?cm_sp=OXI-Footer-_-AboutUs-_-AboutUs MARKETING CAMPAIGN: http://www.cio.com/article/2377257/online-marketing/7-ways-to-create-a-successful-integrated-marketing-campaign.html OXENDALES IRELAND: http://www.oxendales.ie/?PROMO=2000gclid=CjwKEAjww9O3BRDp1tq0jIP023YSJAB0-j1SZzTjxpFOGyGZev_jbyMQPHU5trQzI0Kn6-f5OQA2NhoCPDHw_wcBgclsrc=aw.ds Principles of Marketing 8th Edition, Kotler and Armstrong 2012, Prentice Hall Pearson, Ps 4/5/6 38-45